Women and Cosmetic Surgeires Essay - 1358 Words

Plastic surgery, a newly developed industry worldwide, has made both positive and negative impacts in people’s daily life. As the economic boost, people no longer have to spend 90 percent of their income on food, instead they do investment on land property, luxury goods that can hedging or even make money after an investment cycle. The boost economy also drives the media industry grow rapidly which urging a group of super models and fashion actresses well-known among people especially female group through magazines, TV advisements. The clothes that models wear and the make ups they use are become the popular and fashion products which pursuing by young ladies to help them stay in fashion and look beautiful. However, the young ladies still†¦show more content†¦107) Second, magazines geared toward women often run stories focusing on the ordinary woman’s experiences with surgery of the benefits of surgically improving one’s appearance. Also, advertisements typically promote the benefits of cosmetic surgery using gendered stereotypes, with men represented as concerned with virility and professional competitiveness whereas women are investing in aesthetic improvements. Therefore, the idea of personal transformations and self-improvement is not particularly novel but standard approach that has become entrenched in mass media representations of cosmetic surgery (Adams, 2009, p. 108). However, the potential health risks are downplayed and negative outcomes are attributed to the unpredictability of the aesthetic results or poor surgeon selection. More importantly, these frames tend to diverge from the actual surgical experience, which rather being neat and instantaneous, is often complex and painful. Nevertheless, it is the media-mediated frame that dominates the broader social discussion of cosmetic surgery and often reduces it to a consumable lifestyle option as opposed to a complicated medical procedure fraught with potential risks and u ncertainties. How women responded to the ads and magazines? In woman’s view, the face is a canvas upon

Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper And Story Of An Hour

The stories of the Yellow Wallpaper and Story of an Hour are both stories that have deep meaning, and many hidden symbols. In both stories there is a woman who in some way is oppressed by some outside force and must find a way to overcome this oppression. While in both stories the main charcter goes through a different ordeal, The main theme behind these events are the same and the two experiences can compare to eachother. the events match in both women we oppressed by men and portrayed as the weaker sex, both the woman find a way to cope with the situation, and both stories have a tragic and ironic ending. The first aspect both stories have in common is the fact that both of the women are oppressed by a man in their life.â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦In this story as well the woman is portrayed as a weak charcter as soon as the story begins there is a statement; Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gentl y as possible the news of her husbands death.(Chopin) Not only because she is woman, she also has a heart problem and would not be able to cope with the news. Althoguh both women are now in diffcult position, they both find a common ground or a way to deal with their problems. In the case of The Yellow Wallpaper one critism stated Even if Jane does not consciously recognize the socially oppressive character reflected by the physical pattern of the wallpaper, her observation that â€Å"I fancy it is the pattern that keeps her so still† indicates her awareness of the futility of any attempt made by the woman in the wallpaper, or herself, to receive any relief, understanding, or satisfaction from this oppressive Order. (Suess pg.86) He comes to realize that the answers she is looking for she will not be able to find being trapped in the room. Just as the woman she now sees trapped in the wallpaper can not be happy in there. In The Story an Hour however, Mrs. Mallard takes a different approach to dealing with her current situation. After the death of her husband as mentioned before she is relievef and states that she is now free. The way she begins to deal with the situation is that she realizes that she canShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper And The Story Of An Hour Analysis780 Words   |  4 Pageswomen went through, and how they battled for the freedoms they desperately wanted. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman that goes to a summer home to rest and get well under the supervision of her husband who is also a physician. Her husband decided it would be best if she sat in a room alone and did nothing. In the end, she becomes insane and finally finds her freedom. â€Å"The Story of An Hour† is about, Mrs. Mallard, a woman who has just found out her husband has died. 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These stories are written duringRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper908 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† are two short stories that share similar themes and ideas. The authors’ use of point of view, symbolism, and imagery are different but still convey the same basic idea. Both stories cover the theme of marriage and share the idea that marriage is oppressive. The stories focus on two wives desperate to break from the control of their husbands. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the woman’s husband is a doctor thereforeRead MoreFiction Analysis879 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 102 Dr. Alexander October 14, 2010 Fiction Analysis The two short stories, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and â€Å"Story of an Hour†, are two very similar stories. They share similarities of feminism, freedom, and marriage. The short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a story about the struggle of a woman to gain her freedom and to get her own life apart from her controlling husband. The physician, who also happens to be the woman’s husband, keeps her in aRead MoreCultural Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper927 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Analysis: The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story told from the perspective of a woman who’s believed to be â€Å"crazy†. The narrator believes that she is sick while her husband, John, believes her to just be suffering from a temporary nervous depression. The narrator’s condition worsens and she begins to see a woman moving from behind the yellow wallpaper in their bedroom. 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This essay will attempt to make their themes apparent by examining a brief summery of their stories and relatingRead MoreEffects Of Repressing The Yellow Wallpaper 1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper In her story, The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman expresses exasperation towards the separate male and female roles expected of her society, and the evident repressed rights of a woman versus the active duties of a man. 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Implementing IT Business Strategy in the Construction Industry

Question: Discuss about theImplementing IT Business Strategy in the Construction Industry. Answer: Introduction Unique digital idea: Designing an application (EasyApp) that would create a digital form for the construction Industry The construction industry utilizes paper forms for timesheets, inventory forms, work orders, audits, and inspections. Filling out these forms is hectic. Besides, employees need to check out these forms to ensure they are accurate and consequently, re-enter the data into the company databases. However, with my EasyApp Forms, work will be easier for employees in the construction industry. With the application, companies in the construction industry design their digital forms which are quicker, smarter, and reduce the amount of time that was initially spent on re-entering data and filling the standard forms. Customers in the construction industry prefer digital reports and the availability of EasyApp helps in digitizing inspections. The application brings numerous benefits to the construction companies. For instance, inspectors using their tablet or smartphone enters data directly regardless the site or location of the construction. The app saves time, eliminates redundant questions, and ensures that crucial information is filled (Huah, 2013: 32). Inspectors can also add pictures, and once the form is filled, it can be emailed directly to the client and the office. The target market is all companies in the construction industry. The idea will be funded by government grants and by soliciting venture-capital investors (Leong, Tan Leong, 2014: 3). Resources involved in the implementation of the idea include office equipment, people with information technology knowledge, finances, and time. The key activities that will convert the idea to an innovation include value creation, implementation, ideation, and collaboration among project team members. List of References Huah, G.B. (2013)Implementing IT Business Strategy in the Construction Industry, Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. Leong, K, Tan, W. Leong, E.(2014)Venture Capital: How to Raise Funds for Your Business, Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.

Religious Consciousness Essays - Salvation, Spirituality, Nirvana

Religious Consciousness My religious consciousness is different from my ordinary consciousness. There are a lot of actions that some people consider to be acceptable and ordinary, but religious people consider to be a sin. There are also certain objects, places, and times of the year that a non-religious person would think of as ordinary, but a some religious people would view as very special. From a Christian viewpoint, a Church is a holy place. It is thought of as the House of God. When I go to Church on Sunday, I find myself in a very religious mood. On another day of the week, Tuesday for example, I might not think of God even once all day long. When I go to Church I am thinking of how grateful I am that God loves me and I thank Him for the opportunity to live in this wonderful world. When I leave Church it is very possible that my religious feelings will slowly fade away. By Tuesday, I might be back to thinking like an average American (non-religious) guy. It would be nice to have something at home to remind me of the thoughts that I was thinking in Church on Sunday. I do have some religious items, but they are not displayed in a place where I see them every day. Christmas is a time of the year when I am thinking about God a lot more often. With all the decorations around the house and the neighborhood, it's hard to forget about Him. I know some non religious people who celebrate Christmas, but they do not think of it as a religious holiday. To them it is just a holiday to be with the family and exchange gifts - they skip all the religious ideas behind it. There are also some actions that might not get a second thought from some people, but that I would feel guilty doing. I would think of these actions as sins. A few examples are lying and stealing. I know some people who might tell a lie every now-and-then. They think that nobody knows the truth except them. I know that I have had that thought cross my mind too. The difference between me and a non-religious person is the fact that I think of how God knows that it would be a lie. I can't keep any secrets from Him, so usually I wouldn't lie. It is the same way for stealing. Taking the Lord's name in vain is another example. I know that there are a lot of people in this country who swear. Whenever I swore in the past, I would have a guilty feeling. Swearing is one bad habit that I found to be pretty easy to overcome. I own some religious objects that I view as sacred. The objects include a Bible, a crucifix, and a rosary. Even though these objects do not have much material value, I consider them to be very important. I treat them with more care than I would for an object that is worth a lot of money. The Bible is God's word and I treat it with a lot of care. The crucifix reminds me of how Jesus died on the cross for me and everyone else so that our sins may be forgiven. A person who isn't Christian might think of it as just two pieces of wood nailed together; an object that they would throw in the trash. People can make any object or place special in an instant. If I didn't have a crucifix, I could cut a cross out an old cardboard box and tack it to my wall. Now I would have a crucifix that I could pray to. The artistic design isn't important. I can see all of the artwork and beautiful images in my imagination when I am thinking about God. To become closer to God, I don't need to buy a lot of expensive religious decorations. Just one crucifix or picture of Jesus is all that is necessary. Once I see that, it will activate my imagination and I will start to think nice thoughts about God, and He will do the rest. Section Three, #7 Indian and Christian religions have different goals. The goal of Christian religions is to go to Heaven. The goal of Indian religions like Buddhism and Hinduism is to attain Nirvana. Heaven is a place. Nirvana is a state of mind. The word Nirvana comes from the root meaning ?to blow

How to Raise an academically Successful child Essays

How to Raise an academically Successful child Essays How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Essay Topic: Academic English 101 4 March 2013 How to raise an academically successful child All parents want their children to succeed academically. But not all parents know how to accomplish this. With all the distraction in todays society that a child must avoid it can be difficult. Academic success starts in early childhood. This is why firm parenting and an early emphasis on the importance of education are necessary. I will focus on how musical arts, strong parental guidance, and setting high expectations for your child will help them to succeed academically. Music education has many benefits and all children should be involved. Its biggest benefits are success in increasing intellect, culture, school and life (AM). Music can give your child an intellectual superiority. Music simply stimulates parts of the brain that are related to reading, math and emotional development says childrens music specialist Meredith Levande. Memory is also enhanced through musical arts. Engaging at an early in music helps with learning. Constant memorization will help stimulate brain development (Caren-Marturet). Being part in a music group will help build a childs social skills. They will learn discipline, teamwork and be able to lead thers. Which are all important life skills (Caren-Marturet). Self-Reliance is also raised through practicing music. Every child will not be good when they begin. But with lots of practice they will become more confident in their own abilities. Many children today have very little patience, if any at all. They want everything instantly. Being part of a music group will help them to develop patience. In a musical group everything it is all about timing. If everyone played when they felt like it the music would not come together correctly (Caren-Dotson). Studying also requires lots of patience. As a child progresses through school, hours of studying will be needed every night. If the patience is not present the child will struggle to stay focused and lose interest. All children need to relax after a long day and most choose television, video games, and internet. None of which stimulate the brain like playing music. Learning never stops when studying music. As a child progresses the music becomes more difficult, constantly presenting a mental challenge (Caren-Jolkovsky). Music helps a child express themselves. According to Michael Jolkovsky, a psychologist who specializes in musicians, it gives pleasures and nuances of motional life for which there are no words. Children learn to get past their apprehension and take chances through music performance. A child must take chances in order to grow. Music boosts mental health and can keep children out of trouble later in life (Phillips). Music is a major part of our society and should be part of every childs education. By introducing your child to music lessons, they will learn to develop skills that could help them easily learn new imagination and shape their own individuality through music. A sense of respect for all art forms is gained. Students who are involved in music score higher on SAT and are more interested in pursuing college education (Phillips). This could be attributed to the skills it teaches such as concentration, discipline, cooperation, and setting goals. All of which are needed to succeed in the real world. A childs educational production is lifted when a parent takes an active role in their childs education. Chinese parents spend approximately 10 times as long every day drilling academic activities with their children(Chua pg. 54). The more involved a parent is it will have a greater effect on the childs schooling. Parents should be encouraged to read with their children on a daily basis. They should also talk about the reading. Lots of challenging questions should be asked that will make a child expand thoughts on what was read (Chin). Children of parents who take the time to sit down and read with them read much better than those who dont. A child that has had much practice at home will have the self-esteem needed to read and volunteer willingly in class. Motivation is the key here. Motivated children choose more difficult tasks, they will begin them without a need for a push from parents, make a better ttempt and pay better attention. Leading to improved behavior towards education and a greater likeliness of academic success (Seven). Helping kids with homework is very important. Your child needs an area with good lighting to do homework and study. All tools should be made available. This area should not have any distractions such as television, music and games (Seven-3). Parents should check homework daily and make sure it is correct by going over answers with child. When a child is struggling in certain areas of the homework the teacher should be notified of problem areas (Chen). Parental involvement has a big impact on a childs classroom behavior. A child who knows that the parent and teacher are in constant contact will be less likely to act out in class and complete assignments. Parents who push the value of education and make it fun will effect a childs feelings towards school. Parents need to foster the idea that learning is fun (Chua pg. 53). A child raised to think this way will enjoy education and become a leader in class. It is important that a parent stay involved from preschool to high school. No matter how old a child is parental involvement has a strong impact. Most parents are involved a lot during elementary, but toward middle and high school they involve themselves less. It is important a parent is involved during later years (Chen). High school students are less likely to drop out and more likely to attend college when a parent encourages academic success. Academic achievement reflects successful parenting (Chua pg. 53). A college degree is very important in todays society and it is the parents Job to help their child understand this importance. Setting high expectations for your children is the key to academic success. If a child is a c student, they should be ncouraged to get as and bs. Teaching kids not to settle for anything less than the best is essential in setting high expectations. High achievement always takes place in the framework of high expectation Charles F. Kettering. A child should be sat down and told what is expected of them. Future goals should be talked about in depth. The goals intended should be fair and easy to understand. Children should understand that they are going to be responsible for their success and failure. The will pay off with good grades and be rewarded. Children should know t o act civilized at all times while in school. Horseplay and be class clown are not acceptable behaviors. They are in school to learn and should respect teachers and fellow students. Participation is a requirement and teachers should be asked about the students classroom conduct and involvement (Expectations). When children do not meet expected goals punishment should be given. T. V, video games and time with friends should be taken away. This should help a child get back on the right track and stay focused on what is really important. Children always need encouragement to strive for the best. Your child should understand from an early age that attending ollege is a main goal and they are expected and encouraged to seek higher education and do well. High expectations are the key to Amy Chuas daughters academic successes. Chuas daughters were never allowed to get any grade less than an A. Anything less than an A or no. 1 position lead to excessive drilling until grades were improved or number one position was held again. She demanded perfection and wouldnt allow her daughters to settle for anything less. Chinese parents demand perfect grades because they believe their child can get them (Chua pg. 55). Chinese parents have 100% percent confidence in their childs own ability to e perfect in all academics. When the goal is not met, Chinese parents believe their children are not applying themselves to their full potential. Where-as a western parent would think the subjects being studied are too hard. Showing little confidence in their childs ability, which is not good for the childs self-esteem. By showing and telling kids they are capable of tasks put before them. By setting the bar high a child will learn to reach for their goals and succeed all around. With more people in the U. S. the number of children increasing, and more Jobs requiring degrees, academic uccess is very important in todays society. It leads children down a positive path, and creates a bright future. But without the parent their pushing the child toward academic achievement, life can be a struggle. I believe musical arts will give a child a mental step ahead of their peers. Also strong parental guidance is necessary to keep the child focused on academics, and setting high expectations help children reach their life goals. American Music Institute Benefits of Music. 2012. Web. Feb 15, 2013 Campbell, Kim Expectations: Do You Have Them? Do Students Get Them NASSP Apr 2012. web. Feb 24 2013 Caren, Sarah 10 Ways Music Benefits Children She Knows Parenting March 23, 2010. web. Feb 15, 2013. Chen, Grace 10 Ways Parental Involvement Improves School Performance Public school Review. NOV 29, 2012. web. Feb 18, 2013 Chen, Grace Parental involvement is Key to Academic Success Public School Review Mar 25, 2008. web. Feb 18, 2013 Chua, Amy Why Chinese Mothers are Superior Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. 2011. The Blair Reader. Print Koklanaris, Maria Seven Proven Ways to Motivate Children to do Better in School Phillips, Carolyn 12 Benefits of Music Education Childrens Music Workshop 2012. web. Feb 15, 2013

What You Need to Know About Diploma Mills

What You Need to Know About Diploma Mills A diploma mill is a company that awards unaccredited degrees and provides either an inferior education or no education at all. If youre considering attending an online school, learn as much about diploma mills as you can. This article will teach you how to spot them, how to avoid them, and how to take action if youve been a victim of a diploma mills false advertising. The Difference Between Unaccredited Programs and Diploma Mills If you want your degree to be accepted by employers and other schools, your best bet is to enroll in a school accredited by one of the six regional accreditors. Your degree may still be considered acceptable if it is from a school accredited by another organization recognized by the United States Department of Education (USDE) and/or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), such as the Distance Education Training Council. Being accredited by an agency approved by the USDE or CHEA adds legitimacy to the school. However, not all unaccredited schools can be considered diploma mills. Some new schools are undergoing the lengthy process required to receive accreditation. Other schools have chosen not to seek formal accreditation because they do not want to follow outside regulations or because they do not believe it is necessary for their organization. In order for a school to be considered a diploma mill, it must award degrees with little or no work required. The Two Types of Diploma Mills There are thousands of fake schools in the billion dollar diploma mill industry. However, most diploma mills fall into one of two categories: Diploma mills that openly sell degrees for cash - These schools are straight-up with their clients. They offer customers a degree for cash. Both the diploma mill and the recipient know that the degrees are illegitimate. Many of these schools do not operate under a single name. Instead, they let clients select the name of any school they choose. Diploma mills that pretend to be real schools - These companies are more dangerous. They pretend that they offer legitimate degrees. Students are often allured by promises of life experience credit or fast-track learning. They may have students do minimal work, but they usually award degrees in a very short amount of time (a few weeks or a few months). Many students graduate from these diploma mills thinking that they have earned a real degree. Diploma Mill Warning Signs You can find out if a school is accredited by an organization approved by the Department of Education by searching an online database. You should also keep an eye out for these diploma mill warning signs: Prospective students are bombarded with extreme promises about the degree program.Students are given one bill for the degree instead of being charged tuition for each class or credit hour.The schools website has no phone number.The schools address is a P.O. Box or apartment number.Promotional materials focus heavily on credit for life experience.The school does not have a .edu web address.There are no names of deans, directors, or professors on the website.The schools name is very similar to the name of a traditional, well-known school.Degrees are awarded in a very short period of time - only a few weeks or months.The school claims to be accredited by an organization that is not listed as an accreditor approved by the Department of Education. Diploma Mills and the Law Using a diploma mill degree to get a job could lose you your job, and your respect, in the workplace. Additionally, some states have laws that limit the use of diploma mill degrees. In Oregon, for example, prospective employees must inform employers if their degree is not from an accredited school. What to Do if You've Been Tricked by a Diploma Mill If youve been deceived by a diploma mills false advertising, immediately request a refund of your money. Send a registered letter to the companys address explaining the deception and asking for a full refund. Make a copy of the letter you send for your own records. Chances are low that theyll send the money back, but mailing the letter will provide you with the documentation you may need in the future. File a complaint with the Better Business Bureau. Filing will help warn other potential students about the diploma mill school. It takes just a few minutes and can be done completely online. You should also file a complaint with your states attorney general office. The office will read complaints and may choose to investigate the diploma mill school. List of Diploma Mills and Unaccredited Schools It is difficult for any organization to put together a complete list of degree mills because many new schools are created each month. It is also difficult for organizations to consistently tell the difference between a diploma mill and a school that is simply unaccredited. Oregons Student Assistance Commission maintains the most comprehensive list of unaccredited schools. However, it is not an exhaustive list. Be aware that the schools listed are not all necessarily diploma mills. Also, a school should not be considered legitimate just because it is not on the list.

Movie Spider-Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Movie Spider-Man - Essay Example There are intriguing questions to argue with. First, is the scenario where Peter Parker, the main character played by Toby Maguire, allowed a criminal to escape carrying loads of cash in return to the bitterness that his prize money was not awarded to him when he won in the wrestling match. Is it morally advisable to let a criminal escape' Realising afterwards that the criminal who escaped was the same person who happened to kill his uncle, a great remorse hounded Peter until the third instalment of Spider-Man was released. What if his uncle spared the death' Would the situation be reversed' Would he finally think that it's alright to let the criminal go' Next, Peter's strange powers because of the bug-biting scene made his nerdy personality made him even more shut from the world and he had more reasons to hide his identity. Perhaps that is one reason why some people misunderstood him. But Maguire was able to furnish his character until the end with the innocent face that captured th e hearts of its viewers especially mothers and young girls. A marvel counterpart to DC's Superman is Spider-Man. In real life, Spider-Man is Peter Parker, who is a freelance photographer for the Daily Bugle. (Anderson, Howard, 1997, p.104) Spider-Man is a story of a not-so-nerdy teenager who happens to snatch the admiration of his best friend Harry (portrayed by James Franco) because of Science quiz bee champ personality. He was the kind of a guy who's being bullied in school and couldn't confess his love for Mary Jane who from the start of the movie has already captured the heart of the young hero. His life is an ordinary school guy who has been orphaned by his aunt and uncle in a suburban housing project. He met his luck on a laboratory runaway when a radioactive spider bit him. (IMDB, 2002) Then, no one could ever imagine how his life changed. He gained his confidence, willing to woo to his dearest one whom he loved since he was six. The girl, MJ was just living next door. It took him years for him to be able to find chance to display his affection by beating the bullies which happen to be one of them is the boyfriend of MJ. The physical changes such as clear eyesight and bigger physique, the ability to crawl on walls and jump over buildings do not change him mentally and emotionally. Peter acquired a superhuman strength and super-fast reflexes, and he developed a precognitive sense that warned him of approaching danger. (Hammer2Fall, cited in IMDB, 2002). Peter realised that with such powers he can win MJ so he used it to make money. But after his uncle is killed, Peter promised to stop the criminals that killed his uncle. Later on, he devised a suit to continue chasing after evildoers by using his powers. But the domination of good over bad didn't last long. An eccentric millionaire Norman Osborn administered a performance enhancing drug on himself and his maniacal alter ego Green Goblin emerged. The twist emerged when Peter was unaware that Goblin is Norman Osborn, portrayed by Willem Dafoe, the father of his best friend, Harry. Here, Peter faces a dilemma. Peter must now juggle three things in his life: his new job at a local newspaper under a

Nutrition and dietetics Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nutrition and dietetics - Research Proposal Example The research is therefore important to other researchers who may be interested in any of the study’s variables, care personnel, and patients with obesity. Researchers can use the study’s findings and conclusions to frame and advance more focused studies while care personnel may apply the developed knowledge to improve efficiency of their services to patients with insulin related complications. Introduction into the study also identifies review of literatures that the authors suppazised and applied in justification of the study and in formulation of the study’s objective. The researchers aimed to investigate the relationship between â€Å"vitamin D and glucose abnormalities in severely obese individuals,† who had not reported irregular glucose metabolism, an objective that is clear and precise. The objective could further infer the following research question and hypothesis, though the researchers did not state any (Bellan, et al., 2014, p. 1). Sufficient details exist on the research procedure to allow for replication as the authors describe applied steps into data collection as well as measured variables and applied tools in data collection. A quasi experimental design was implemented on a single center study in which laboratory procedures were used to collect data. there was however no control group. Description of data collection procedure and instruments is not specific as it does not specify the types of tests that were conducted and the specific instruments that were used in the tests. There is also no explicit discussion of the dependent and independent variables in the study but inference from the study’s objectives identifies vitamin D status as the independent variable and glucose homeostasis as the dependent variable. adults with grade II or grade II obesity formed the study’s population and this limits

Prison Inmates Should Be Allowed To Take College Courses Essay Example for Free

Prison Inmates Should Be Allowed To Take College Courses Essay Prison Inmates Should Be Allowed To Take College Courses Prison inmates should be allowed to take college course because having an education helps reform the inmate into a useful member of society. Education is useful in helping the inmate acquire the life skills necessary to make a life change for the better. Studies have shown that inmates who participate in educational programs were less likely to recidivate once released back into to society than those who did ot participate. Allowing prisoners to take college courses restructures the way inmates think and benefits society as a whole by helping inmates adapt once released, providing Job skills necessary to find work, and aiding in inmate rehabilitation. Providing an education for inmates helps them acquire the necessary life skills to make better choices once released and makes it easier to adapt to life outside the prison walls. An educated person is better able to choose etween right and wrong and also make wiser decisions. By restructuring the way an inmate thinks, the inmate makes better choices and finds better role models to emulate. An inmate who has the ability to read and write is better able to find information for himself and is more likely to use that information to make informed decisions. It is therefore easy to deduce, an inmate who has received a prison education can think more clearly and will act more positively preventing most inmates from recidivism. Using the education gained in prison will facilitate an inmates adaption to society and provides the necessary Jobs skills to find work once released. Education for inmates helps build a foundation for future success and provides the Job skills necessary to help inmates find work once they are released. Teaching basic educational skills to inmates such as reading, writing, and math skills increases their chances of passing employment tests and greatly improves their..

Personal Narrative - A Journey :: Personal Narrative Writing

A Journey I am by myself wearing my blue jeans and an old flannel shirt. It is cool outside but I decided to leave my gloves at home, feeling comfortable with my warm shirt and my sturdy boots. It is just me and the woods. I take nothing with me when I leave, because I know that I won't be gone too long. It is early fall so it is cool outside but not cold. I am back on teh east coast walking through the woods of the Appalachins. The leaves have begun turning colors so there is a beautiful aray of oranges, yellows, greens, and reds. The red colors of the leaves remind me of the maple trees that used to be outside of my house. I remember looking at the red leaves on those trees the evening of our homecoming football game when Paul came over. The floor of the forest is damp but not muddy. There are moss covered stones that litter the path I am walking. Some of them are loose, and others are firmly embedded in the ground. For the most part they are the rocks that you have to watch out for when your are running a cross-country race so that you do not sprain your ankle. They are the type of rocks that are annoying at picnics and camp fires because they are not big enough to sit on and too big to move. I keep walking because I know that ahead of me is a small stream where I can quietly sit and listen to the water. It is small enough that some rocks portrude above the water and I could walk across if I wanted to. As I walk towards the stream I see a bottle that is empty and crushed. At one point it had been a bottle filled with mineral water for someone who had been hiking through the woods on a health trip. When I see it I don't stop to pick it up, but I make a mental note of its locations so I can grab it on my way back. Once I reach the stream I sit on a rock and watch the water tumble over and around the stones in the creek bed. As I sit there a deer appears on the other side of the stream. Not a buck, but just a standard doe.

The Case against Tipping

There are many good reasons on why you should tip a waiter. Anyone who has had much experience in a restaurant franchise would know that most of your wages are tips. The places do this in order to promote better service and to save money by not having to pay the employee minimum wages. This can be beneficial to the customer leaving a good tip can give a customer better results with the service. They may get a kinder person, faster service, and hotter and fresher food or drinks. They also can leave with the knowledge that they made the person feel better about their job, and the fact that they may make their days wages. On the bad side of tipping The people usually don’t even make minimum wage. They have to rely on the customer in order to make a pay check. This may make the customer fell like their being scammed out of their money, because the person serving them isn’t working for them so why should they have to pay the persons wages. Another con is the tip your giving may be as much as the stuff you bought or possibly even more. Some places coffee is just a dollar and with a dollar tip that would set the price as the same as what the person bought. Another problem is that they may have a cup set out in order to make the customer feel bad about not tipping. What if you don’t have enough for a tip at the time? You feel you have to because it’s set right there in front of you playing a mental game. OR what if they give you bad service why should you tip for that? What reasons do you find most compelling? The reasons I find most compelling are the fact that restaurants in particular push their waiters/waitresses into the customer’s hands. I am one that believes that the people should get paid regular wages and have their tips be a bonus for good work. Not have the customers foot the wages for them so they can be greedy and put more money in their pockets. Another reason that I find compelling on the other side is the fact that sense the customer does it helps them get better service. I do get understand the sense of gratification of the person that tips and receives it does make them feel better about their jobs. But at the same time people shouldn’t feel obligated to tip for bad service. Which concerns have particular merit? I think that the tip jar situation does have merit. If a person set a jar out for tips it is a trap that messes with the customers mind. I would personally feel bad if I looked at the tip jar and didn’t have enough money to pay or if I got bad service I’d feel like I was being forced to pay for that bad service. Also The fact that the employees have to make their wages off of the tips poses a lot of merit. Essentially on one hand I’m paying for a worker that isn’t employed by me. On the other hand that worker has to make their wages. Can you balance the interests of both sides of the issue?

Education and Funds Allocation: A Comparative Analysis Essay

Education, the act process of being educated or of educating, is an important aspect of a nation’s development (Houghton Miifflin, 2009). It is a key tool in the development of a civic awareness, competence, and cooperation (Stephenson, 2005). In the United States (US) Educational System, progression is from one to two years of pre-school education, to 12 years of average instruction, and to a four-stage higher education system (US Department of State, 2008). In 2004, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) set down different variables or indicators that determine how well a country’s educational system works (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2004). I. Indicators/Response and Explanatory Variables A. Response Variable. Response variables are those that indicate how effective a state’s education system is. From the indicators set by the UNESCO, this study will be focusing on the following response variables: Teachers’ Pay, Income per capita (income per person, including children), the percent of students graduating from the high schools, the number of people that are illiterate, and average Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) Verbal and Math Scores. B. Explanatory Variables. On the other hand, explanatory variables are those that affect or relate to the response variable. In the study, explanatory variables are: Dollars per Pupil, State Population, the Governor’s Salary, and the percentage of high school students taking the SAT. C. Analysis of Relationship between Variables. In general, explanatory variables affect and relate to response variables in different ways. Appendix A presents a table of the different education indicators in the different states and regions of US (Table 1). From these data, Table 1A was generated to present the summarized average statistical indicators per region. Figure 1 presents a line graph comparing the explanatory and response variables of each region. For purposes of comparison, figures from Table 1Awere adjusted to multiples of ten. In Figure 1, it can be seen that most of the response variables are directly related to the explanatory variable population. The spikes in the graph show that if the population is high, then consequently, the dollars per pupil is also high. This also goes for the teachers’ salary, except for the Western region where even though there was a dip in the population line, there was an increase in the line for Teachers’ Pay. Also, the West differed from the other regions when an increase in the income per capita line and percentage of high school graduates contradicted the plunge in the population line. The average SAT scores and illiteracy differed from the other indicators, since a rise in the population line showed a dip in the SAT and illiteracy lines. In all, population affects the response variables in different ways per region. On the other hand, the Governor’s pay, showed no definite effect or relation on the other response variables. II. Analysis of Basic Data Table 1B presents the condensed data on the educational indicators of the states of Nebraska and Virginia. Table 1B, along with Table 1A, can be seen in the appendices section. A. Nebraska Educational Indicators. The state of Nebraska has a population of 1,578,000. With this population, the following educational indicators were recorded: $4,831 dollars per student, an income per capita of $4,508, an average teachers’ pay of $26,600, an average SAT score of 484 (verbal) and 546 (math), a 59. 3 percentage of high school graduates, and a rate of six illiterate individuals out of every 100 people of Nebraska. B. Virginia Educational Indicators. In total contrast, the state of Virginia has a population of 6,187,000. Also, the following educational indicators were reported: $5,360 dollars per student, an income per capita of $4,701, an average teachers’ pay of $32,400, an average SAT score of 425 (verbal) and 470 (math), a 47. 8 percentage of high school graduates, and a rate of fourteen illiterate individuals out of every 100 people of Nebraska III. Comparison of the Two States A. Comparison of the Two States against Each Other Figure 2 presents a bar graph depicting the differences between the states of Virginia and Nebraska. From the graph, it can be seen that the state of Virginia has a larger population (6,187,000), especially when compared to that of Nebraska’s only around 1,578,000. And so, it is rather expected that Virginia has a higher dollars per pupil rate and a higher income per capita, also shown from the graph. With this population discrepancy, it is also expected that the state of Virginia also has a larger teachers’ pay.

A Tribe Apart Review essays

A Tribe Apart Review essays After reading the book A Tribe Apart, I was able to notice many similarities between what the adolescents in the book were going through and what we have read in Santrock and heard in lecture. In Chapter 2 and 8 we meet Jessica Jones, a thirteen-year-old girl who has recently gone through some dramatic changes at home, as well as growing up in general. Jessica is a typical teenage girl, very active in activities, has friends, has goals for her self and so on. At the beginning of the chapter she says her mother has finally stopped lecturing her on how she ought to use her desk for homework. This is evident in the theory of Parent-Adolescent Conflict. According to Santrock, much of the conflict involves the everyday events of family life, such as keeping a bedroom clean, dressing neatly, getting home at a certain time, not talking on the phone forever, and so on. (Santrock, 159) This would explain the constant arguments about her messy room, grades, and so on. Since her older sister has recently had a baby there have been some major changes in the household. Jessica feels that her sister and her dont really talk anymore, because her sister is too busy. According t o Santrock, both younger and older adolescent siblings viewed older siblings as sources of social support for social and scholastic activities. (Santrock, 167) This is definitely impacting Jessica, because she feels that she cant go talk to her about whatever problems she might have and so on so that saddens her. Jessica is in eighth grade now, which makes her the top dog of the school. She describes it as the seventh graders are still walking around in a daze, and the eighth graders walk around, full of them selves. This is commonly referred to as the top-dog phenomenon, in which the circumstances of moving from the top position to the lowest position. (Santrock, 228) This was true of Jes...

The Most Popular Macy’s Interview Questions

The Most Popular Macy’s Interview Questions So you have an interview at Macy’s, likely for a retail position. Regardless of exactly what your role would be in the corporation, the rules of interview preparation are fairly standard. The first thing you’ll want to do is ready yourself  to answer the  interview questions that might come your way. Below, we’ve compiled some of the most popular from Macy’s interviews in the past. Prepare answers to as many as possible and practice, practice, practice before the big day. 1. â€Å"Why do you want to work at Macy’s?†If you don’t have an answer to this, you’re sunk. Oh, and your answer definitely can’t be: â€Å"I just really need a job.† Do some research into the company and come up with one or two things you really value or respect. Use this question as an opportunity to show your passion for the job you’re interviewing for, and to show them your commitment to their brand.2. â€Å"Why should we hire you ?†Having thoroughly digested the job posting, you’ll be prepared to explain exactly why you are perfect for this job- and in the very terms they put forth in the listing. You could try and also sell yourself to them as the ideal Macy’s customer, and show that you are already aware of their customers’ needs, making you  an extremely effective potential salesperson.3. â€Å"Describe an ideal customer service interaction.†Really have an answer for this. If you want to work in retail- or do already- chances are you have experience and with a bit of thought can come up with an insightful, honest answer about how you personally view customer service ideals. Remember to emphasize closing your sales, keeping the customer happy, getting the customer to return, going the extra mile, etc.- all the usual things you know to be successful retail strategies.4. â€Å"What is your favorite thing about fashion?†This is your opportunity to show your interview er again that you share interests with the company and would be an asset to their team. Talk about what fashion means to you, then make sure to pivot to how Macy’s is an ideal in this respect.5. â€Å"How would you handle an upset customer?†You might get this question or a more specific version, involving a particular scenario. Have a general answer prepared, but also be ready on your feet in case your interviewer asks how you would handle a specific situation. If you have your ideals and policies firmly in mind, you should be fine.6. â€Å"How would you go about selling me a Macy’s credit card?†You’ve been asked at check-out, probably multiple times. How would you do it? Keep in mind you’ll be required to and you’ll likely be rated on your ability to do so- this is a priority of your potential boss. Put yourself in the customers’ shoes and think what strategy would work best on you!7. â€Å"Why do you want this job?†Thi s question might be another way of asking why you want to work at Macy’s. Or it could be more specific. Why do you want this job?  Go through the posting word for word and have an answer prepared as to why you are a particularly good fit for this particular position. Emphasize how you could be an asset to the company and you can’t go wrong.8. â€Å"Talk about a time you led a team.†If your position involves any leadership, expect this to come up. Have a good anecdote prepared for a successful leadership role you assumed. Explain the outcome, what you learned, and how you plan to do even better in your next opportunity.These questions are based on actual questions Macy’s interviewees have been asked. Remember that any variants on these are fair game, as well as more specific, scenario-based questions you could not necessarily anticipate. Do your homework, ready your spiel, and be prepared for anything. Sell yourself as passionate about what you do (and, of course, about Macy’s as a company), and you’ll do fine.

Outsourcing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outsourcing - Term Paper Example Human resource department is usually not the basic area of operations of a company therefore costs associated to this department are usually high. All companies are not able to operate their HR departments efficiently. Outsourcing gives the HR department in specialist hands. Employment associated risk like employee law suits are reduced as a result of HR outsourcing (Benefits of Outsourcing, 2011). Lawsuits can cause financial problems for the firm and can also tarnish the reputation of the company. HR outsourcing to a specialist firm can also enhance the performance of hired employees. HR firms provide training for employees and this is the reason of increased performance. There are also problems associated with HR outsourcing. By outsourcing an important division of the company like human resource a divide between firm’s objectives and employees may happen. Employees should be hired keeping in mind the overall goals of the company and organizational culture. HR outsourcing may also be a problem because it may involve risking inside information to outside people. Company will have to inform the HR firm about its future plan in order to tell them what kind of employees they want to hire. This will involve risking inside information to other companies. United Parcel Services is a well known example of outsourcing HR. The company has outsourced its human resources to eight different Human Resource Outsourcing companies (Alderton, 2005). The company is a great example as it is using many HR companies at once. UPS has also started communication portals between HR companies and employees so that their concerns are duly noted. PepsiCo is another large name that has outsourced its HR department (HRO Today 2009). The company thinks that HR outsourcing blends well with its operations. PepsiCo has outsourced benefit administration and contact center support to a HRO firm. This shows that

The Sacrament of Baptism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Sacrament of Baptism - Research Paper Example Furthermore, Baptism is the sacrament of regeneration by way of water in the word. It is also defined as the sacrament of supernatural rebirth. Moreover, it gives us a new life. The sacrament of baptism is the first of the seven sacraments not only in time but in priority. This is because other sacraments depend on it (catholicism.about.com). The sacrament of Baptism is necessary to Christians as Christ Himself ordered His disciples to preach the Gospel to all nations and baptize those the accept the message of the Gospel. (John 3:1-21), during His encounter with Nicodemus, He made it clear that for salvation baptism was necessary: "Amen, amen I say to thee, unless a man is born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God." Furthermore, for Catholics take baptism as a mark of a Christian as it brings Christians into a new life in Christ. The biblical root of the sacrament of baptism The biblical root of the sacrament of baptism is evident as many events in Israel’s salvation history direct to the saving grace found in the waters of baptism e.g. Israel Crossing the Red Sea, the great Flood and the Israel crossing the River Jordan into the promised land. In the Gospel, at the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry, he was baptized by John in the River Jordan. In and during this event, Jesus, the sinless One, identified himself with sinful humanity whom he came to set free from the slavery and power of sins. Jesus filled the waters with his divine presence by stepping into River Jordan just as he does when the water is blesses during the sacrament of baptism. Furthermore, before Jesus returned to His Father, He issued the Great commission: to preach in his name, make disciples and baptize in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:16-20). Types of sacrament of baptism Churches recognize that apart from the baptism of water there is also baptism of desire. This is baptism employs both to those who, die early in time before being baptized while as they wished to be baptized, and those who through no fault of their own, do not know the Gospel of Christ or His Church, but who still seek God with an open and genuine heart, and moved by grace, make an effort in their actions to do His will as they know it through the guiding principle of conscience (Constitution on the Church, Second Vatican Council). Similar to baptism of desire, baptism of blood refers to the martyrdom of those believers who were killed for the faith before they had an opportunity to be baptized. This was widely known to occur in church during the early centuries, but also, later on in missionary lands. Consequently, the baptism of blood has the same effects as the baptism of water. The principal symbols of Baptism The main symbols of the sacrament of baptism portray the meaning of this sacrament. These symbols include; water, oil, white garment and candle. Water is symbolic as it can both destroy and save life. In the sa crament of baptism, pouring of the blessed water is the outward obviously seen sign of the interior transformation being brought about in the soul (Jensen, 69). In the Old Testament, oil was used to anoint kings and queens to symbolize the coming of God’s Spirit to enable them to be godly leaders of God’s people. Similarly, the anointing of a candidate at Baptism with sacred chrism, blesses by the bishop, symbolizes an interior anointing in

Contract Law. Westwood Ltds Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contract Law. Westwood Ltds - Case Study Example Clint inspected the machine and, thinking that it would be appreciated by both the customers and staff of his toy store, agreed to buy it. The toy store had never had a drinks vending machine before nor anything like it. Westwood Ltd said that it would partially dismantle the machine and pack it into a wooden crate in order to make it easier for Clint to take delivery. Delivery was arranged for the following week with payment to be made on delivery. On Tuesday, the warehouse manager of Westwood Ltd packed the remaining stock of 500 toy guns into two separate wooden crates, one containing 200 and the other 300. Westwood Ltd had not yet managed to find anyone other than Clint to purchase any of the toy guns. The warehouse manager screwed a wooden lid onto the crate of 200 toy guns and then marked it with Clint's name ready for delivery. The crate of 300 toy guns remained directly next to the crate of 200 toys guns which was now marked for Clint. On Tuesday night, vandals broke into Westwood Ltd's warehouse and destroyed the crate of 200 toy guns labelled for Clint. The vending machine as agreed to be sold to Clint was also damaged. The crate of 300 toy guns was not damaged. 3) Further explain how your advice would differ, if at all, if the retail toy store referred to above wa... Answer: Background of the Case In the United Kingdom, Contract of Sale of Goods is a contract by which the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a money or consideration, called the price (Sec. 2, par.1, Sale of Goods Act 1979). The Sale of Goods Act 1979 is the main statute that binds the contract of sale in the United Kingdom and was amended by the following relevant or related law and legislation: Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, and The Sale of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002. A contract of sale is deemed perfected when both of the parties, the seller and the buyer, of the contract had accepted unconditionally the terms of the contract like the price, mode of payment, date and place of delivery, and others. Once a contract is perfected, certain duties are imposed under the law of contract of sales for both of the parties to perform and certain rights also were created the performance of which can be reciprocally demanded from one another (Part IV, Sales of Goods Act 1979). Normally, a contract of sale of goods should be reduced in writing to conform to the Statute of Frauds. Other form includes oral contract or combination of oral and written contracts (Sec. 4, Sale of Goods Act 1979). Failure to follow the tenor of the terms of the contract is equivalent to breach of contract by which the party at fault can be held liable for the payment of damages or other relevant legal remedies (Part VI, Sale of Goods Act 1979). The latest relevant regulation that is The Sale of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002, apply to a range of transactions between businesses and consumers, including the sale

Utilizing Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Strand

Utilizing Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Strand I tried to maintain the story in following order: General background on steel MFRs before Northridge earthquake What happened after Northridge Earthquake and still what are the problems remaining? What are the approaches taken to solve the problem? Concept of Post tensioned connection Studies on PT connection with steel Alternative to steel strand (previous studies on SMA strand). Objective of this study. Feasibility study of utilizing superelastic shape memory alloy strand in post tensioned steel beam column connections for improved seismic performance Introduction: During the 1960s, welded steel beam-column connections were considered to be the most ductile system against earthquake. Therefore, a number of industrial and commercial buildings were constructed in the western part of united states at that time.   However, the Northridge earthquake of January 14, 1994, indicated that welded connections are susceptible to brittle fracture at the beam-to-column joints. This failure mode was observed even for structures subjected to a moderate level of ground shaking. Although, these buildings didnt collapse (which is desired by the building code), the connection behavior was not as expected. Further investigation revealed that similar damage was observed in a limited number of buildings during 1992 Landers, 1992 Big Bear and 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (FEMA-350). Studies have been carried out to investigate the reasons behind it. Based on the investigation, significant design changes was implemented to the pre-Northridge moment resisting frame des igns (Engelhardt and Sabol, 1997). Post-Northridge structures are designed in such a way that it is still expected to sustain damage during severe earthquake but without affecting the life safety limit (Chancellor et al. 2014). Residual deformation that may exist after the earthquake can require expensive repair works and in some cases the demolition of total structures. Depending on the scenario, the total cost of demolition or repair work can be a burden to the overall economy of a country. An example can be the earthquake of magnitude 6.5 that occurred in Christchurch, New Zealand in May 2014. The repair works required 40$ billion (New Zealands dollar) which was approximately 20% of the total GDP of the country. In another study, McCormick et al. (2008) showed that the repair of structures with residual drift greater than 0.005 rad is not economically feasible. Conventional moment resisting frames are designed to resist collapse by using the inelastic properties of nonreplaceable elements. Therefore, these systems can dissipate energy during large inelastic deformation but unable to recover the residual deformation. In this regard, research has been done to improve the performance by introducing reduced beam section (RBS) (Tremblay and Filiatrault, 1997), connection reinforced with cover plates (Engelhardt and Sabol, 1997), haunches (Uang et al. 2000), and side plates (Shiravand and Deylami, 2010). However, the existence of residual deformation after severe earthquake is still possible. To address this above mentioned issues, a new class of lateral force resisting system has been developed which can sustain severe earthquake with little or no residual deformation. This smart structure can return to its plumb position after load removal (herein referred to as a full self-centering), without any residual deformation. This new system is termed as post tensioned (PT) steel moment resisting frames. In this system, beams are post tensioned to the columns, which run parallel to the beams and pass through the column flanges, are used to provide self-centering to the moment resisting frames (Moradi and Alam, 2015). The reduction of residual displacement in PT connection is controlled by a gap opening mechanism.   Due to the gap opening between steel column and beams, a significant reduction in stiffness occurs, which is desirable. As the decrease in stiffness attracts less force to the connection (i.e. softening occurs without structural damage) by lengthening the structur al period (Chancellor et al. 2014). Past few years, several researchers have investigated and still investigating the seismic performance of self-centering steel moment resisting frames. Ricles et al. (2002), experimentally investigated the self-centering behavior of steel PT connection on five cruciform shaped specimens. The results showed that steel PT connection sustain small residual deformation compared to the conventional welded connection. Further study based on several affecting parameters such as flange reinforcing plate, shim plate, number of PT strand, angle size, and gage length are considered by Garlock et al. 2003, 2005. The effect of floor diaphragm on the self-centering behavior of steel moment resisting frames were investigated by Garlock et al. (2007). A performance based design guideline for self-centering PT connection was also outlined. In design procedure, the interaction between the floor system and the self-centering PT connection was considered. Dobossy et al. (2006) proposed a method for asses sing structural limit state probabilities for a self-centering frame (with top-and-seat angles). Monte Carlo simulation was used for generating demand curves. The possibility of exceeding a limit state at each floor of the structure was determined based on the demand and capacity curves.   Herning et al. (2011) used a reliability based method to evaluate the likelihood of reaching the limit state of PT strand yielding. A predictive relationship between the beam-column relative rotation and the story drift was proposed. Based on the results, the response of three nonlinear models of prototype self-centering frames was found to be adequate to thousands of synthetic ground motions. The probability of reaching the limit state of strand yielding ranged from 0 to 15%. The self-centering capability of PT connection can also be improved by using smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMAs). Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is a class of equiatomic metal showing mechanical properties not present in materials usually employed in engineering application (Fugazza, 2003). In most cases NiTi is referred to as a shape memory alloy. But some other alloys show the same characteristics of NiTi alloy. If not stated otherwise, NiTi will be used as SMA throughout this paper. The importance of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) in civil engineering application is increasing rapidly due to its capability of large strain recovery, absence of residual strain upon unloading and high energy dissipation ability. This exceptional property can be used in post tensioned steel beam column connection. The idea of implementing shape memory alloy on post tensioned connection has already been investigated by a number of previous studies. Ocel et al. 2004 considered two partially restraine d (PR) connection to investigate their performance during static and cyclic loading. Martensitic phase (Shape memory effect) was used in both connection. The tested connection was capable of dissipating large energy without any strength degradation up to a drift level of 4%. Using SMA tendons, about 54% and 76% of the beam tip displacement was recovered with or without simulated dead loads, respectively. Ma et al. (2007) presented a highly ductile steel beam column connection by using shape memory alloy bolt. The bolts shanks are 1.2 times longer than the conventional steel bolt. These bolts provide the ductility to the connection by absorbing inelastic deformation. After the deformation phase, it can regain its original shape by recovering 94% of the total deformation. Desroches et al. (2010) studied the behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA) on both austenite and martensite phase. The superelastic SMA bars were found to be responsible for reducing the residual deformation and marten sitic bars were efficient in controlling peak deformations. Ellingwood et al. (2010) evaluated the performance of steel frames with or without SMA connections based on probabilistic framework. Four interior steel beam column connection incorporating different types of SMA (i.e. martensitic NiTi and austenite NiTi) and steel tendon, were investigated by Speicher et al. (2011).   The connection incorporating superelastic NiTi alloy was able to recover up to 85% of its deformation after being loaded upto 5% drift. The objective of this study can be categorized in two phase. In phase one, an attempt has been made to reduce the strand length of existing PT connection without affecting the performance of the connection. In parallel to this study, the objective of phase two was to use shape memory alloy with reduced length. A recent study done by Chowdhury et al. (2017) show that the reduction of PT strand length directly affect the stiffness, strength and moment capacity. Besides, PT connection loses self-centering capability due to the yielding of steel strand. This is due to the high stress concentration in steel and its low strain capacity. In this regard, shape memory alloy can be an efficient alternative due to its large strain capability (recoverable strain up to 8% for NiTi). The cost of NiTi alloy is a major concern during its application. Therefore, reduced strand length will reduce the cost without affecting performance.

King Philip Essay -- essays research papers fc

King Philip’s War was a disturbing war fought in America in 1675, almost certainly as a result of the early contact between the English Colonists and the Native Americans. The Natives were, and had always been fighting for their freedom and land, as well as their culture unharmed. Though the Natives had their own religious beliefs, the Colonists felt that they were the greater man, and that God would play a part by remaining on their side. The Natives did not trust the English with their multiple cheated promises and such, and it was only expected that the Natives would not believe in the English. There is no one established reason for this war, like many wars, but it is only probable that it be a result of the many differences between the Native way of life, and the English way. The Wampanoag Indians were a tribe that settled in the area of current day Rhode Island and Massachusetts. It is estimated that the number of tribe members was somewhere over ten thousand before the English arrived and brought along sickness and disease that the Natives were not accustomed to. By around 1675 it is imagined that the Wampanoag population plummeted to around only one thousand members. At first, the Wampanoag were accepting of the English because there appeared to be no immediate threat of endangerment of the Natives. The Natives actually became appreciative and dependent on the English in a sense, because they had been introduced to the various types of food, clothing, and most importantly, weapons. Massasoit, the Chief of the Wampanoag Indians at the time, signed a treaty of peace with the English that promised not to give up their land to anybody without the knowledge and consent of the Plymouth government first. It wasn’t until 1630 when the situation reversed with the increasing amount of settlers moving to The Massachusetts Bay Colony known as â€Å"The Great Migration†, that the Natives became angered. The new settlers, the Puritans, were in desperate need of land and would do anything to get it. They wiped the Pequoit Indians out in the Pequoit War of 1637, and other than those who chose to convert to the Puritan religion and way of life, the Pequoit had vanished. Many of the Indian tribes were in trouble with the threat of loss of land, as well as loss of lives. It was time to strike back and defend what was theirs. After Massasoit had passed on, Alexander would... ...sold into slavery in the West Indies, while others faced disease, cultural disruption, and the loss of their lands. Works Cited Bodge, George. Soldiers in King Philips War. NEHG Register many vol's 1886-1887. Bourne, Russell. The Red King’s Rebellion. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990. Church, Benjamin. Diary of King Philip's War, 1675-76. Chester, Conn. : Published for The Little Compton Historical Society [by] Pequot Press, 1975. Leach, Douglas. Flintlock and Tomahawk. Parnassus Imprints Inc., Hyannis, Massachusetts, 1995. Lepore, Jill. The Name of War : King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity. New York : Knopf, 1998. Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Rowlandson. New England Chronology NEHG Register vol 7 October 1853. Schultz, Eric B. King Philip's War : The History and Legacy of America's Forgotten Conflict. Woodstock, Vt. : Countryman Press ; New York : Distributed by W.W. Norton, c1999. Shroeder, Betty. The True Lineage of King Philip (Sachem Metacomb). NEHG Register vol 144 July 1990. Webb, Stephen Saunders. 1676, The End of American Independence. New York : Knopf, 1984.

A Portrait of Mona Lisa

Art is a traditional work that is painted in many different pattern of objects. Many people create portraits of art as an expression of how they feel. In the modern world, art is shown in different cities, subways, parks and etc. The greatest art was created in the early century and was called a masterpiece. This portrait was known as the greatest masterpiece ever to be painted. It was painted in the ass's. The way Leonardo Dad Vinci used the lines in the painting was extraordinary.The lines is one f the most important elements of art that abstracted into a great piece of work. The lines did not illustrate any pattern of moving. The lines were mostly a combination of vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and contour lines. Many lines were cured and straight. The lines also varied in thickness. The painting had a variety of color, texture, and continuity. While viewing the picture, I did not notice any gesture lines in which would indicate action of movement of the woman. The artist did a g ood Job of outlining and use contour lines to make the painting a more 3 dimensional. The lady in the portrait had a mystifying gaze.Dad Vinci used a shadowing technique at the corners of her lips and eyes that made her look like a real human. This was a new trend in art at this time period. The landscape faded to create depth in the background. The landscape was uneven on both sides of the lady in the center of the portrait. The painting is meaningful because Leonardo Dad Vinci created a new pose that still exist until this day. At that time period artist only used full length or side view portrait unlike the â€Å"Mona Lisa. † This emphasized evolution in art and inspired other great art forms to be created. Leonardo truly captured the beauty of the lady e painted.Her posture magnetite the viewer's eyes to her face. The way her hands cross with her shoulders. This is what made the portrait a masterpiece. This masterpiece is very unique and stands out a piece of art that cha nged art for many years to come. In conclusion, Dad Vinci created an ordinary picture that became a beautiful masterpiece. The Mona Lisa was a well- known piece of artwork all over the world. He created many other drawings that he was recognized for. Dad Vinci was a great painter but what made him famous was his drawings. Reference 1 . Www. Tautologically. Com/Mona-Lisa By mysterious

Proposed Mexican Business Essay

A business plan is very important guide that directs the management of the business or organization towards achieving its goals. Analysis of the market in which a business is venturing is very essential. This gives a clear picture of the entire market that the business is getting into. This paper will look at the economic, demographic and socio-economic details of each major state in Mexico. This paper will further go ahead to explain both the foreign and the foreign and the domestic banks that are operating in Mexico. This paper also includes detailed ideas about recruitment of employees in Mexico. Finally it gives extensive information about the American companies that are operating in Mexico. Mexico is known to be a constitutional republic federally based in North America. It is bordered on the northern side by United States. The North Pacific Ocean borders this republic on the south and the western sides. Mexico is highly referred to as the United Mexico States. The Caribbean Sea is very visible on the southeast part of Mexico. It consists of many states which are thirty one in number. Mexico City is known to be one of the most populated cities in the world. (Crandall, 2004) Mexico as earlier on illustrated has got approximately thirty one states. They include Sonora, Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tomaulipas, Durango, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, SLP, Oaxaca, Campeche and Vera Cruz among others. These Mexican states are also divided into different municipalities. In the year 1900, the population in Mexico was approximately 13.6 million.   The demographics of Mexican states are as follows. Michoacan state is known to have the lowest population growth. Quintana Roo has the highest population growth rate. These two states are the least populated. Baja California has Sur and Baja California has the highest migration rate. Below are the demographics by city and state. Rank    Core City   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   State      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pop  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Rank   Ã‚   Core City   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   State      Ã‚  Ã‚  Pop 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mexico City   Ã‚   DF   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   19,231,829   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   11   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Queretaro   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   QT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   918,100 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Guadalajara   Ã‚  Ã‚   JA   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4,095,853   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   12   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Merida   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   YU   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   897,740 3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Monterrey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   NL   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3,664,331   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   13   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mexicali   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BC   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   855,962 4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Puebla   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2,109,049  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   14   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aguascalientes AC  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   805,666 5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toluca   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ME   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1,610,786   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tampico   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   TM   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   803,196 6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tijuana   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BC   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1,483,992   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   16   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Culiacan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   793,730 7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leon   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GT  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1,425,210  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cuernavaca   Ã‚  Ã‚   MO   Ã‚  Ã‚   787,556 8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Juarez   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CH  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1,313,338  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   18   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Acapulco   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   786,830 9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Torreon   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CO   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1,110,890   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   19   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chihuahua   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CH   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   784,882 10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   San Luis Potosi SL   Ã‚  Ã‚   957,753   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   20   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Morelia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   735,624 The economy in this nation is firmly established. It is known to be the world’s 12th largest in line with its economy. This is according to GDP and PPP. This nation has an economy that is highly diversified. The infrastructure is quite developed in terms of telecommunications, airports, distribution of gas, railroads and seaports among other sectors. (Denizer, 1997) The socio-economics data reveals that the population in this nation that is in extreme poverty has tremendously decreased from twenty four point one percent to approximately sixteen point nine percent. This is according to the World Bank. It is however very evident that there are huge disparities in the incomes of the poor and the wealthy in the nation. There are also remarkable differences between the south and the northern areas of Mexico. These differences still exist amongst the urban and the rural areas. The contrasts are quite sharp in relation to human development and income levels. These issues still remain to be quite problematic in Mexico. Poverty has been reduced in Mexico through the increase in the middle class purchasing power. The inflation in Mexico is as low as 3.3%. This has resulted in middle class people in this nation having a credit consumption that is quite high. There is great stability in the nation in terms of monetary terms.   Through remittances from citizens in Mexico, poverty has been greatly alleviated. The infrastructure in Mexico is quite developed and this makes it very easy to carry out business in this republic. This is in terms of the road network. Chiapas State in Mexico is very developed in terms of the infrastructure. There are both foreign and domestic banks in Mexico. Research shows that Mexico allowed foreign banks to open up branches therein. This was made easy through foreign acquisitions of the various domestic banks in Mexico. It is very clear that foreign banks in Mexico are more profitable when compared to the domestic banks in Mexico.   This shows that foreign banks have had positive impacts on the entire banking sector. Citibank is one of the foreign banks that started operating in Mexico in the year 1994. This bank is U.S based. This was through the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). (Houghton, 1999) Other foreign banks that are operating in Mexico include Scotiabank, HSBC, Banco Santander and BBVA. Banco Santander is based in Spain, Scotiabank is in Canada, and HSBC is in U.K while BBVA is in Spain. Among the domestic banks include Banco de Azteca. The other prominent domestic bank that is operating in Mexico is called Barnote. It is highly known even among the locals for its excellent services.] Recruitment is a very essential part of organizational management. This is due to the fact that this process enables an organization to get qualified professionals that are quite competent in carrying out the tasks assigned to them. Critical analysis of the entire business sector shows the way it carries out this important task. Looking at most of the organizations in Mexico, they carry out recruitment process through advertising of the vacant posts. Many organizations advertise in their Company websites, they also place advertisements in newspapers and sometimes over the radio. The management clearly indicates the desired qualifications of potential employees. Interested candidates then send their particulars (these are the cover letter and C.V) to the organization either by post or by electronic media. The application letters and C.Vs are then analyzed and the qualified candidates are then short listed. These are then communicated to such that they attend an oral or written interview depending on the organization. Some organizations use both methods. Some organizations carry out one and others two interviews with the potential candidates. Those who pass the interviews are either communicated to trough post or through telephone. The qualified candidates are then incorporated into the organization where they go through training or induction in relation to their work or job profile. All these normally result in organizations having qualified employees. This process is carried out by the management team in organizations in Mexico without favoritism. There are different American Companies that are operating in Mexico. Most of these Companies are very successful. Amongst the American Companies that are successfully operating in Mexico include Diners Club, Master Card and American Express Bank. These Companies are well known in the Mexican Republic and their profit margins are very high. Research shows that there are very many factors that have made American Companies operating in Mexico to be successful. (Houghton, 1999)   One of the major factors that have made these Companies to be successful is the NAFTA initiative. Through this it has become very easy for the American based Companies to start up branches in Mexico. The management in these Companies is very sound. This is bearing in mind that these organizations have been in existence for some time. There are various strategies that the American companies that are based in Mexico use. These strategies include marketing both through online and offline means. The online means that are highly used by these successful Companies include the use of internet advertising. Before these organizations or Companies start up their branches in Mexico, they normally carry out adequate research. This is in relation to the competitor companies in the market and their prices. Through this they then strategize by carrying out product differentiation and this enables them to have a place in the market. Among the strategies that that American Companies that are based in Mexico employ include PESTLE analysis and SWOT analysis. In the PESTLE analysis they consider the political, Economic, Social, Technical and legal factors that would affect the business. With this information at hand, the Companies succeed very easily. Another strategy that is incorporated is ensuring that most of the employees in the Companies are citizens of Mexico. Through this, they find favor with the people and therefore market penetration becomes easy since the people identify with the organizations. The Companies are known to get involved in corporate social responsibilities in Mexico. (Robert, 2006) This gives the Company better standing in the Mexican Republic and therefore enhances their overall success. Most of the American based Companies that are operating in Mexico normally use their manufactured products to test the market before they open up branches in Mexico. This becomes very easy for the Companies to gain more customers in the long run. (Krauze, 1998) In conclusion, a business plan clearly gives a business the required guidelines. Mexico is a republic that is found in North America. There are approximately thirty one states in Mexico. The demographics of this nation reveal that the urban states are highly populated compared to the rural towns. The economy of Mexico is very stable and well established. In fact it is known to be the 12th wealthy nation worldwide. The socio-economics of this nation shows that there are high disparities between the rich and the poor. The infrastructure on the other hand is very well developed. This is in terms of telecommunications, road network and information technology network. There are both domestic and foreign banks in Mexico. The foreign banks include Scotia bank, HSBC, Banco Santander and BBVA. Domestic banks include Banco de Azteca and Barnote. Successful American Companies operating in Mexico include American Express, Diners Club and Master Card. They ensure that they carry out extensive marketing analysis before opening branches in Mexico. This enables them to succeed. Reference: Crandall, R. (2004): Mexico’s Domestic Economy; Policy Options and Choices; Mexico’s Democracy at Work; New York; Lynne Reinner Publishers Denizer, C. (1997): The Effects of Financial Liberalization and New Bank Entry on Market Structure and Competition in Turkey; New York; Melbourne Press   Houghton, M. (1999): Mexico in Perspective; 3rd edition; New York; McGraw Hill   Krauze, E. (1998): Mexico: Biography of Power; Modern Mexico; 1996- 2007; New York; Melbourne Press Robert, C. (2006): Foreign Bank Entry; Experience; Implications for Developing Economies; New York; Free Press

Foreigner visit essays

Foreigner visit essays To a foreigner coming to India, I would first welcome him to our country which is rich in culture and good in heritage. I will then take the opportunity to give a proper introduction to him of our country. Our country has diversity in unity. Our country is democratic and believes in secularism. It abounds in flora and fauna. Also, Our country is a land of myriad languages, a veritable Babel of tongues and numerous moves of apparel and countless mannerisms and multiplicity of ethnic groups. India has produced luminaries such as Buddha, Mahavira, Shankaracharya and Mahatma Gandhi who gave the message of peace and non-violence, which the world needs more then ever before. Mahatma Gandhi used non-violence to win freedom for the country and showed the way to bring about a peaceful world order. Though, India was under subjugation of British rule for about two centuries; after attaining freedom it has taken giant strides in the field of science, information technology, medical and agriculture. Moreover, our GDP growth has been growing steadily ever since. I will then make the foreigner be familiar with the sights of our country particularly the Taj Mahal, which is the 8th wonder of the world, located in Agra, monument of love and imagination that represents India to the world. Besides Taj Mahal, I will introduce him with Red Fort, Qutub Minar and India Gate located in New Delhi. Lastly, I will assure the foreigner that people in India welcome guests with open arms and that he will go with a good impression of the country. ...

Adapting Theory Into Practice †Example Admission Essay

Adapting Theory Into Practice – Example Admission Essay Free Online Research Papers Adapting Theory Into Practice Example Admission Essay Education is always an vital important problem which attracts more attention from each country. I thought to enter a university in China before, but after my throughtfully investigation, I choose this university which is far from my hometown. The Chinese fundamental education system pays more attention to the theory learning. Teachers always emphasize the concepts existed in the books, and put it in the second place that how to cultivate the ability of adapting theory into practice, which make us more familiar with the theory, but low ability in the practice. In order to let more and more students have the chances to receive higher education, many universities carried out an â€Å"Enlargement of Recruitment Policy†(guided by National government) in 1999, but the negative influence greatly increased owing to enlargement of recruitment on all levels and scales. As students who will enter university for further study, we are all worried about it. Teachers, especially professors, are extremely lacked. The classes, which should be on small scale are enlarged into big ones (with eighty to one hundred students). In the labs, several students sharing one equipment can be seen everywhere. The above scenes all intangibly make a great influence on students. As a student, who will receive higher education, what kinds of university I will choose have much relation with my future employment. Therefore, even though the tuition fees for Chinese universities are less than that in America, I don’t want to make any mistakes on my future, which means to receive such rough education. As we all know, there is a sound education system in U.S. Many universities in U.S. are famous in the world owing to their academic achievements. There are advanced teaching facilities, too. I firmly believe that I will receive better qualitative education on in your country. Research Papers on Adapting Theory Into Practice Admission EssayStandardized TestingThree Concepts of PsychodynamicResearch Process Part OneQuebec and CanadaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfTwilight of the UAW

How to File for a Design Patent

How to File for a Design Patent Unfortunately, there are no premade or online forms available to use for the specification and drawings needed for a design patent. The rest of this tutorial will help you create and format your application. However, there are forms that must accompany your application and they are the: Design Patent Application Transmittal, Fee Transmittal, Oath or Declaration, and an Application Data Sheet.   All Patent applications follow a format derived from the patent laws and regulations. The application is a legal document. Hot TipIt will be a lot easier for you to understand the following instructions on how to apply for a design patent if you read a few issued design patents first. Please take a look at Design Patent D436,119 as an example before proceeding. This example includes the front page and three pages of drawing sheets. Writing Your Specification - Choice One - Begin with an Optional Preamble A preamble (if included) should state the name of the inventor, the title of the design, and a brief description of the nature and intended use of the invention that the design is connected to. All the information contained in the preamble will be printed on the patent if it is granted. Example: Using an Optional PreambleI, John Doe, have invented a new design for a jewelry cabinet, as set forth in the following specification. The claimed jewelry cabinet is used to store jewelry and could sit on a bureau. Writing Your Specification - Choice Two - Begin with a Single Claim You may choose not to write a detailed preamble in your design patent application, however, you must write one claim. Design Patent D436,119 uses a single claim. You will submit all bibliographic information such as the inventors name by using an application data sheet or ADS. An ADS is a common method for submitting bibliographic data about a patent application. Example: Using a Single ClaimThe ornamental design for eyeglasses, as shown and described. Writing the Single Claim All design patent application may only include a single claim. The claim defines the design which applicant wishes to patent. The claim must be written in formal terms. The ornamental design for [fill in] as shown. What you fill in should be consistent with the title of your invention, it is the object which the design has been applied to or embodied in. When there is a properly included special description of the design in the specification, or a proper showing of modified forms of the design, or other descriptive matter has been included in the specification, the words and described should be added to the claim following the term shown. The ornamental design for [fill in) as shown and described. Choosing the Title The title of the design must identify the invention that the design is connected to by its most common name used by the public. Marketing designations are improper as titles and should not be used. A title descriptive of the actual article is recommended. A good title helps the person that is examining your patent know where to/not to search for prior art and helps with the proper classification of the design patent if it is granted. It also helps the understanding of the nature and use of your invention embodying the design. Examples of Titles1: Jewelry cabinet2: Concealed jewelry cabinet3: Panel for a jewelry accessory cabinet4: Eyeglasses Specification - Include Cross References Any cross-references to related patent applications should be stated (unless already included in the application data sheet). Specification - State any Federal Research Make a statement regarding any federally sponsored research or development if any. Specification - Writing the Figure Descriptions of Drawings Views The figure descriptions of the drawings included with the application tell what each view represents. Example:FIG.1 is a perspective view of eyeglasses showing my new design;FIG.2 is a front elevational view thereof;FIG.3 is a rear elevational view thereof;FIG.4 is a side elevational view, the opposite side being a mirror image thereof;FIG.5 is a top view thereof; and,FIG.6 is a bottom view thereof. Specification - Writing any Special Descriptions (Optional) Any description of the design in the specification, other than a brief description of the drawing, is generally not necessary since, as a general rule, the drawing is the designs best description. However, while not required, a special description is not prohibited. In addition to the figure descriptions, the following types of special descriptions are permissible in the specification: A description of the appearance of portions of the claimed design which are not illustrated in the drawing disclosure (i.e., â€Å"the right side elevational view is a mirror image of the left side†).Description disclaiming portions of the article not shown, that form no part of the claimed design.A statement indicating that any broken line illustration of environmental structure in the drawing is not part of the design sought to be patented.Description denoting the nature and environmental use of the claimed design, if not included in the preamble. Specification - A Design Patent Has One Single Claim Design patent applications can have only one claim. The claim defines the design which you want to patent and you can only patent one design at a time. The description of the article in the claim should be consistent with the title of the invention. Example of a Title:Eyeglasses Example of a Claim:The ornamental design for eyeglasses, as shown and described. Making The Drawings BW Drawings or Photographs The drawing (disclosure) is the most important element of the design patent application. Every design patent application must include either a drawing or a photograph of the claimed design. As the drawing or photograph constitutes the entire visual disclosure of the claim, it is very important that the drawing or photograph must be clear and complete, that nothing about your design is left to conjecture. The design drawing or photograph must comply with the disclosure requirements of patent law 35 U.S.C. 112. This patent law requires you to fully reveal your invention. To meet the requirements, the drawings or photographs must include a sufficient number of views to constitute a complete disclosure of the appearance of the design claimed. Drawings are normally required to be in black ink on white paper. However, bw photographs are permitted subject to Rule 1.84 Standards For Drawings. The rule states that you can use a photograph if a photograph is better than an ink drawing to disclose your design. You must apply in writing for an exemption in order to use a photograph with your application. Label Photographs BW photographs submitted on double weight photographic paper must have the drawing figure number entered on the face of the photograph. Photographs mounted on Bristol board may have the figure number shown in black ink on the Bristol board, proximate the corresponding photograph. You Cannot Use Both Photographs and drawings must not both be included in the same application. The introduction of both photographs and drawings in a design patent application would result in a high probability of inconsistencies between the corresponding elements on the ink drawings as compared with the photographs. Photographs submitted in lieu of ink drawings must not disclose environmental structure but must be limited to the claimed design itself. Color Drawings or Photographs The USPTO will accept color drawings or photographs in design patent applications only after you file a petition explaining why the color is necessary. Any such petition must include an extra fee, a copy of the color drawings or photographs, and a BW photocopy that accurately depicts the subject matter shown in the color drawings or photographs. When you use color you must also include a written statement placed just before the description of the drawings that says The file of this patent contains a least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent with color drawings will be provided by the United States Patent and Trademark Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. The Views The drawings or photographs should contain a sufficient number of views to completely disclose the appearance of the claimed design, for example, front, rear, right and left sides, top and bottom. While not required, it is suggested that perspective views be submitted to clearly show the appearance and shape of three-dimensional designs. If a perspective view is submitted, the surfaces shown would normally not be required to be illustrated in other views if these surfaces are clearly understood and fully disclosed in the perspective. Unneeded Views Views that are merely duplicates of other views of the design or that are merely flat and include no ornamental may be omitted from the drawing if the specification makes this explicitly clear. For example, if the left and right sides of a design are identical or a mirror image, a view should be provided of one side and a statement made in the drawing description that the other side is identical or a mirror image. If the bottom of the design is flat, a view of the bottom may be omitted if the figure descriptions include a statement that the bottom is flat and unornamented. Using a Sectional View A sectional view which more clearly brings out elements of the design is permissible, however, a sectional view presented to show functional features, or interior structure not forming part of the claimed design, is neither required nor permitted. Using Surface Shading The drawing should be provided with the right surface shading which shows clearly the character and contour of all surfaces of any three-dimensional aspects of the design. Surface shading is also necessary to distinguish between any open and solid areas of the design. Solid black surface shading is not permitted except when used to represent the color black as well as color contrast.   If the shape of the design is not fully disclosed when you file. Any additions of surface shading after the initial filing may be viewed as new matter. New matter is anything that is added to, or from, the claim, drawings or specification, that was neither shown nor suggested in the original application. The patent examiner will rule that your later additions are part of a new design rather than a missing piece of the original design. (see patent law 35 U.S.C. 132 and patent rule 37 CFR  § 1.121) Using Broken Lines A broken line is understood to be for illustrative purposes only and forms no part of the claimed invented design. The structure that is not part of the claimed design, but is considered necessary to show the environment in which the design is used, may be represented in the drawing by broken lines. This includes any portion of an article in which the design is embodied or applied to that is not considered part of the claimed design. When the claim is directed to just surface ornamentation for an article, the article in which it is embodied must be shown in broken lines. In general, when broken lines are used, they should not intrude upon or cross the solid lines of the claimed design and should not be heavier or darker than the lines used depicting the claimed design. Where a broken line showing of environmental structure must necessarily cross or intrude upon the representation of the claimed design and obscures a clear understanding of the design, such an illustration should be included as a separate figure in addition to the other figures which fully disclose the subject matter of the design. See - Broken Line Disclosure The Oath or Declaration The oath or declaration required of the applicant must comply with the requirements of patent rule 37 CFR  §1.63. Fees In addition, the filing fee, search fee, and examination fee are also required. For a small entity, (an independent inventor, a small business concern, or a non-profit organization), these fees are reduced by half. As of 2005, the basic filing fee for a design patent for a small entity is $100, the search fee is $50, and the examination fee is $65. Other fees may apply, see USPTO Fees and use the Fee Transmittal Form. The preparation of a design patent application and interacting with the USPTO requires knowledge of patent laws and rules and USPTO practices and procedures. If you dont know what you doing, consult a registered patent attorney or agent. Good Drawings Are Very Important Of primary importance in a design patent application is the drawing disclosure, which illustrates the design being claimed. Unlike a utility patent application, where the claim describes the invention in a lengthy written explanation, the claim in a design patent application protects the overall visual appearance of the design, â€Å"described† in the drawings. You can use the following resources to help you prepare your drawings for your design patent application. Drawings for all types of patents fall under the same rules as far as margins, lines, etc. Reference MaterialRules for Patent Drawing StandardsExamples of Design Patents - Disclosures, Shading and Views It is essential that you present a set of drawings (or photographs) of the highest quality which conform to the rules and drawing standards. You cannot change your patent drawings after your application has been filed. See s of Acceptable Drawings and Drawing Disclosures. You may want to hire a professional draftsperson who specializes in preparing design patent drawings. Application Paper Formats You can format your application papers (margins, type of paper, etc) the same as you would a utility patent. See - The Correct Style For Application Pages All papers which are to become part of the permanent records of the USPTO must be typewritten or produced by a mechanical (or computer) printer. The text must be in permanent black ink or its equivalent; on a single side of the paper; in portrait orientation; on white paper that is all of the same size, flexible, strong, smooth, nonshiny, durable, and without holes. The paper size must be either: 21.6 cm. by 27.9 cm. (8 1/2 by 11 inches), or21.0 cm. by 29.7 cm. (DIN size A4).There must be a left margin of at least 2.5 cm. (1 inch) and top,right, and bottom margins of at least 2.0 cm. (3/4 inch). Receiving A Filing Date When a complete design patent application, along with the appropriate filing fee, is received by the Office, it is assigned an Application Number and a Filing Date. A Filing Receipt containing this information is sent to the applicant, do not lose it. The application is then assigned to an examiner. Applications are examined in order of their filing date. After the USPTO receives your application for a design patent, they will examine it to make sure that it complies with all the laws and rules that apply to design patents. The USPTO will closely check your drawing disclosure and compare the design you have claimed to have invented with prior art. â€Å"Prior art† would be any issued patents or published materials that dispute who was first to invent the design in question. If your application for a design patent passes the examination, called being â€Å"allowed,† instructions will be sen to you as to how to complete the process and get your design patent issued. If your application does not pass the examination, you will be sent an action or letter detailing why your application was rejected. This letter may contain suggestions by the examiner for amendments to the application. Keep this letter and do not send it back to the USPTO. Your Response To Rejection You have a limited time to reply, however, you can request in writing that the USPTO reconsiders your application. In your request, you can point out any errors you think the examiner made. However, if the examiner found prior art that disputes you being first with your design that you cannot argue with. In all cases where the examiner has said that a reply to a requirement is necessary, or where the examiner has indicated patentable subject matter, the reply must comply with the requirements set forth by the examiner, or specifically argue each requirement as to why compliance should not be required. In any communication with the Office, applicant should include the all the following applicable items: Application numberGroup art unit number (copied from filing receipt or the most recent Office action)Filing dateName of the examiner who prepared the most recent Office action.Title of invention If your reply is not received within the designated time period, the application will be considered abandoned. To ensure that a time period set for reply to a USPTO action is not missed; a â€Å"Certificate of Mailing† should be attached to the reply. This â€Å"Certificate† establishes that the reply is being mailed on a given date. It also establishes that the reply is timely, if it was mailed before the period for reply had expired, and if it is mailed with the United States Postal Service. A â€Å"Certificate of Mailing† is not the same as â€Å"Certified Mail.† A suggested format for a Certificate of Mailing is as follows: â€Å"I hereby certify that this correspondence is being deposited with the United States Postal Service as first class mail in an envelope addressed to: Box Design, Commissioner for Patents, Washington, D.C. 20231, on (DATE MAILED)† (Name - Typed or Printed) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Signature__________________________________ Date______________________________________ If a receipt for any paper filed in the USPTO is desired, applicant should include a stamped, self-addressed postcard, which lists, on the message side applicants name and address, the application number, and filing date, the types of papers submitted with the reply (i.e., 1 sheet of drawings, 2 pages of amendments, 1 page of an oath/declaration, etc.) This postcard will be stamped with the date of receipt by the mailroom and returned to applicant. This postcard will be applicants evidence that the reply was received by the Office on that date. If applicant changes his or her mailing address after filing an application, the Office must be notified in writing of the new address. Failure to do so will result in future communications being mailed to the old address, and there is no guarantee that these communications will be forwarded to applicants new address. Applicants failure to receive, and properly reply to these Office communications will result in the application being held abandoned. Notification of â€Å"Change of Address† should be made by separate letter, and a separate notification should be filed for each application. Reconsideration Upon submission of a reply to an Office action, the application will be reconsidered and further examined in view of applicants remarks and any amendments included with the reply. The examiner will then either withdraw the rejection and allow the application or, if not persuaded by the remarks and/or amendments submitted, repeat the rejection and make it Final. Applicant may file an appeal with the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences after given a final rejection or after the claim has been rejected twice. Applicant may also file a new application prior to the abandonment of the original application, claiming benefit of the earlier filing date. This will allow continued prosecution of the claim.